Mcgregors theory is a motivation theory, meaning it provides explanation on what people want in order to do their job. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. All employees do not want to work other than to maintain a standard of living. Theory x and theory y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. A theory x manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the managers job to structure the work and energize the employee. Mar 08, 2008 theory x and theory y was created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. The sfp begins with the assumption that it is hard for a management team to make a systemic.
The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. Mcgregor felt that theory x assumptions were used in most industrial organization but were inadequate for the full utilization of each workers potential. Theory x and y are 2 contrasting employee motivation and organizational development models developed by douglas mcgregor. Under theory x, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results.
Theory z assumes that workers tend to want to build cooperative and. The opposite approach theory x assumes that workers need to be. A need to be closely controlled to work effectively b enjoy work c seek out and accept responsibility d exercise selfdirection answer. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.
Take your hr comms to the next level with prezi video. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. What role does mcgregors theory y play at whole foods. Theory x advocates for external motivation mainly through threat or punishment. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. A theory x manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager s job to structure the work and energize the employee.
The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. The amount of work which i do for my salary compared to what work others do for their salary. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has described. Theory x assumes that individuals are base, workshy and constantly in need of a good prod. Do your own research about mcgregors theory and answer the following questions. By definition, theory y adopts the notion of happy employees, whom are creative, self motivated, and relish operating with grander responsibilities than the norm. In this essay i will elaborate more on the douglas mcgregors theory x and y as well as how the theory has added value in the methods of the management that managers today use to reach organizational goals. The average person lacks ambition, dislikes responsibility, and prefers to be led.
According to this view, management must actively intervene to get things done. It became very popular in the field of hr and it was a model that helped shift management from the negative paradigm to a positive spin. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. This management style assumes that the typical worker has little ambition, avoids responsibility, and is individualgoal oriented. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Mcgregor theory x and theory y, motivation, assignment help. Bosses are reining in staff because they can financial times. Samsung india and brahmaputra cracker and polymer limitedpsu.
What are the benefits and disadvantages of douglas mcgregors. A theory that relates intrinsic factors advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement to job satisfaction. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Jul 11, 2017 many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Theory y assumes that higherorder needs to dominate individuals. Scientific management focuses on employee competence, whereas the. This theory is rather simple in relationship to the other four motivation theories you need to know for the exam like maslows hierarchy of needs. Course vi management development georgia department of. What does it take to make employees give you their best.
At some point, the theory y shows the passion and interest of employees at work. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. As per assumption of mcgregors theory x, the employees really dislike the work, so they are forced to do it. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave.
Managing in light of mcgregors theory x and theory y by anticlue. It always has a readymade excuse for failurethe innate limitations of all human resources. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Xteacher and theory yteacher aboluays anas musings. A theory x manager makes the basic assumption that employees dont really want to do work, and that they need a nudge, a push, or a prod by a boss in order to do so. Mcgregor felt that companies followed either one of these approaches. Theory y highlights the work satisfaction of employees and gives authority to the employees to creatively approach the tasks. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. This is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service. In general, theory x style managers believe their employees are less intelligent, lazier, and work solely for a sustainable income. An exploratory case study of how remote employees experience.
Theory y assumes that higherorder needs dominate individuals and contain more valuable assumptions than theory x. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has described as theory x and theory y. Leadership and organizational theory dynamics between middle market private. The average individual is by nature indolent and will avoid work if he can.
However, the theory x assumption is exaggeratedly negative while the theory y assumption is overly optimistic. Some managers, mcgregor said, subscribed to what he. Theory y assumes that people view work as being as natural as play and rest and spend the same. Mcgregor 2000 has pointed out that theory x management assumes that people generally are not responsible for work in contrast to theory y assuming that people are invariably selfcontrolled. Theory x is based on assumptions regarding the typical worker. Mcgregors 1960 theory x assumes that people prefer to be treated as. Achieving a hawthorne effect today may require cracking down on team members whose work is less than. Contrast mcgregors theory x and theory y assumptions about people. In this theory, the basic underlying assumption is that people dont want to work. Jun 08, 2011 theory y assumes that people are selfmotivated, and thrive on responsibility. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Motivating factors by scott briggs team builder plus.
Mcgregors theory is also from are one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee. Rather than having a positive approach to their jobs, this theory assumes that people dont like their jobs and they only work them because they need money. Aug 11, 2014 douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and y by aevan fernandez on prezi. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. Douglas mcgregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called theory x and theory y. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation.
Assumptions of theory x and theory y are summarized in exhibit 2. Theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory. To get started, we are going to take a look at the basic ideas behind theory x. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Theory x assumes that people dislike work and will avoid doing anything they dont have to do. What are the benefits and disadvantages of douglas. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
In fact, this person was a prime example of what many call a toxic leader. Management treats workers as units of production rather than recognizing them as human beings who have other needs that must be met. In mcgregor s theory x it is suggested that management assumes employees are lazy and will try to avoid work if and when they can. Organizational communication channel 114,558 views.
According to douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y provide two opposing views. Essentially, theory x assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Despite acknowledgement of the merits of empowered employees, argyris 1973 warns that. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Douglas mcgregor 1960, 1966 classified managers attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as theory x and y. Organizational leaders and stakeholders assume that employee engagement drives organizational. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. What types of managers have you dealt with in your.
The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theory x of motivation is based on the following assumptions. The classical perspective to management assumes a universalist view as. Which is why i would consider the role of whole foods to fall in the second theory of mcgregors theory y.
Mcgregors theory x assumes that employees a need to be. In his book, the human side of enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. Theory x managers or indeed theory y managers displaying theory x. We believed that jobs uses the mcgregor x and y theory, not only to manage his staff but also to motivate the staff and the team as a whole as well. Feedback from a theory x and theory y perspective design shack. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Theory x, which is a more traditional approach, assumes that workers are lazy, lack of ambition. It describes two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation.
Douglas mcgregor thinks that theory y managers are more likely than theory x. Theory x all employees do not want to work other than to maintain a standard of living. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. The first being theory y mangers and theory x managers waddell, jones, george 2010, p.
In ancient times, it wasnt hard to motivate workers. Mcgregors theory x assumes that employees havelittle ambitiondislike workavoid responsibility. Important research by michael kirton presents a different model of creativity that explains the failure of theory y and justi. Contrast mcgregors theory x and theory y assumptions. Evaluating mcgregors theory as an approach to management. Managers who believe this philosophy assume that the average staff member. Summarize the major theories of motivation and discuss factors that can affect motivation within an organization aacsb. The required management style in this model would be authoritarian and hard. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s.
In mcgregors theory x it is suggested that management assumes employees are lazy and will try to avoid work if and when they can. Theory y looks at employees as self fulfilling and highly internally motivated. Mcgregors theory y is the root cause of employee empowerment. Theory x theory x assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian style of management. Twitters servers are already cracking under the strain of the traffic they get. Oct 08, 2006 many managers in the 1960s tended to subscribe to theory x, in that they take a rather pessimistic view of their employees. Managers generally have one of two perspectives regarding their employees. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and assume that they are naturally unmotivated and dislike work. Does apple apply theory y or x of douglas mcgregor. Managers with theory x attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Many managers in the 1960s tended to subscribe to theory x, in that they take a rather pessimistic view of their employees.
Douglas mcgregors theory x and y by aevan fernandez. Theory x assumes humans inherently dislike working and will try to avoid it if they can. The lesson from marissa mayers whipcracking at yahoo is that this is an age. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. Some companies assume a little extra cash will do the trick. Theory y assumes that people are selfmotivated, and thrive on responsibility. According to this view, management of an organization must actively involve in get things done by their employees.
As a result, they think that team members need to be prompted, rewarded or punished constantly to make sure that they complete their tasks. Mcgregor felt that theory x assumptions were used in most industrial organization but were inadequate for the full utilization of each worker s potential. Theory y is, on balance, too simplistic and too flawed to be useful. Theory y, however, assumes that individuals go to work of their own accord, because work is the only way in which they have a chance of satisfying their high. Proposed theory x and theory y to be recognized as motivational theories in developing managerial leadership.
Theory x the theory leads to mistrust, highly restrictive supervision, a punitive atmosphere, threat and coercion to gain employees compliance theory x managers feel the sole purpose of the employee s interest in the job is money they will blame the person, without questioning whether it. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. In this theory, management assumes that employees are. Xteacher and theory yteacher in the 1960s, douglas mcgregor from mit came up with the theoryx and theoryy to describe styles of managers.
Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. Workers tend to desire more responsibility than theory x workers, and have. Leaders know best, and should closely direct actions taken by staff, with little room for independence and responsibility. They are also suggested to assume that employees inherently dislike work. Both of these theories begin with the premise that management s role is to. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Mcgregor theory x assumes that employees of an organization or team members are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian leadership style.
Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mcgregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work. Though many managers fall somewhere between the two extremes, i worked for a manager for years that was extremely theory x with hardly a theory y tendency in sight.
Motivation theory x and theory y free management books. Management style and controlin a theory x organization, management is authoritarian, and centralized control is retained, while in theory y, the management style involves employees in decision making, but retains power to implement decisions. Theory x is based on a pessimistic view of employee motivation and behavior. This theory has been proven countereffective in most modern workplaces and practise.
A theory that relates intrinsic factors advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors supervision, pay, company policies, and. Mcgregors theory x and theory y organizational behavior. Invision employees share their remote work secrets. Suggests that employees compare their inputs and outcomes from a job to.
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